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| Niezależna witryna Alexa Jones'a |
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| Alex Jones należy do nielicznych ludzi na świecie którzy mają odwagę mówić prawdę o antyspołecznej konspiracji |
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| Ekspert od COVID-u, okazał się być awatarem stworzonym przez Chińczyków |
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| Hashtag COVID1984 |
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Szczególnie polecamy:
"Tłum uzbrojonych w miecze Sikhów atakuje policję w Nanded po tym, jak rząd zakazał publicznych procesji w związku z p(L)andemią. Tak się walczy o swoje prawa! "
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| Powinniśmy się skupiać na wzmacnianiu odporności |
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Prof. dr hab. n. med. Ryszard Rutkowski zadał pytanie Szumowskiemu.
Odpowiedzi nie uzyskał. |
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| Rosja zrujnowała biznes złodziejom syryjskiej ropy |
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| ... rosyjskie lotnictwo wielokrotnie (60 razy) i niezwykle intensywnie zbombardowało rakietami balistycznymi pozycje Daesh na pustyni syryjskiej..Wydaje się jednak, że sukcesem było zniszczenie na pełną skalę zaplecza i sprzętu handlarzy ropą na terenach okupowanych przez Turków, na północnych syryjskich przedmieściach Aleppo... |
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| 5 przykładów izraelskich zbrodni wojennych w Strefie Gazy |
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| Bankructwo Ukrainy |
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| Nanotechnologia w szczepionkach |
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| PIĄTA KOLUMNA - SPRAWOZDANIE Z PRAC NAD ANALIZĄ ZAWARTOŚCI I DZIAŁANIA "SZCZEPIONEK" NA COVID |
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| Papież błogosławi strażników de Rotschild |
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| To nie jest pomysł Dana Browna na nową powieść, ale wydarzenie, które umknęło uwadze mediów w Polsce, a oznacza wsparcie Watykanu dla potężnych postaci świata finansów i przemysłu, deklarujących działania na rzecz przemiany systemu gospodarczego współczesnego świata. |
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| Los Angeles - piekło na ziemi |
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Ubóstwo w Kalifornii. Zrujnowana gospodarka najbogatszej kiedyś części świata.
To czeka nas jutro.
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| Medialni MORDERCY! |
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| Jak najgorsze szumowiny z pierwszych stron gazet, szczuły na ludzi, którzy nie dali się zatruć trującą szczepionką przeciwko nieistniejącemu kowidowi |
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| Jak ludzie "umierają" w "szpitalach kowidowych" |
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| Tak wygląda koronawirus Covid 19 w szpitalach zachodniej Polski |
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| Izraelscy żołnierze zamordowali 15 sanitariuszy i ratowników ze Strefy Gazy i zakopali w nieoznaczonym masowym grobie |
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| Im – wolno, nam – nie |
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| Wielka bitwa o port w Hajfie zakończyła się. Chiny rozpoczną swe zawiadywanie portem w roku 2021, co postawi USA przed alternatywą, czy Szósta Flota będzie dalej zawijała do Hajfy, czy też należy urzeczywistnić pogróżkę wycofania się? |
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| Warto posłuchać |
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| Chociaż scyzoryk się w kieszeni otwiera - to musimy zapamiętać takie zdarzenia i przypomnieć przed Trybunałem do spraw zbrodni kowidowych |
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| "Górale to męczą konie" |
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| Powiedziałam prezesowi (Kaczyńskiemu), że górale bardzo na nich liczą, to są ich wyborcy, a prezes odpowiedział mi na to: "Górale to męczą konie". Byłam w szoku, że przy tak ważnym temacie gospodarczym mówi takie rzeczy - relacjonuje posłanka. |
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| Chasydzki ślub w NY legalny w dobie kowida |
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| Deborah Tavares o broni elektromagnetycznej stosowanej wobec społeczeństw cz I, 13 marca 2021 |
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| Deborah Tavares z portalu StopTheCrime.net i PrimaryWater.org ma liczne filmy na YouTube i niestrudzenie bada dokumenty wypuszczane przez amerykańską administrację. |
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| Tu jest Polska, a nie Polin! Protest pod Sejmem! |
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Protest przeciwko świecy chanukowej pod Sejmem w Warszawie.
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| Dlaczego szczepionki na COVID-19 mogą wpływać na płodność człowieka? |
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więcej -> |
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A brief history of the Polish language
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Its Ancient Origins
The originality of Polish culture is tied to its language and to its Slavonic roots. Linguistic studies indicate that 5000 to 4000 years ago early Balto-Slavic languages were part of the Arian or the Eastern Indo-European languages. Over 3500 years ago, the languages of the Balto-Slavs separated from the Arian languages; some 3000 years ago, the Baltic and Slavic languages separated from each other; and for the next 1500 years, the Slavic languages evolved parallel to the Greek, Latin, Celtic, Germanic, and other languages. The evolution of the Polish language occurred during the following 1500 years.
Development of the Polish Language
Polish language reflected the intellectual and material culture in spoken words and later in literature. Early Polish vocabulary contained much earlier cultural information than do written records. The adoption of foreign words grew with the passage of time. During the present information age, new European and American terms related to fashions, sports, arts, politics, and technology are being adopted by the modern Polish language. Unabridged Polish dictionaries presently contain some 200,000 entries; one-third of these are foreign adaptations, while about one-fourth are still close to Old Slavonic words.
Although Polish was the national language of Poland, the influence of the Roman Catholic Church introduced Poland to Latin - the lingua franca of western European culture. Polish translations of Latin texts and other Polish publications were the only source of the eastern Slavic peoples’ knowledge about Western civilization. Thus were nearly all ruling members of the Russian Romanov Dynasty (1613-1917) were fluent in Polish.
The name of Poland, in Polish "Polska," originated from the name of Polanians. Linguistic data of the highly diversified early Slavic vocabulary proves familiarity with elaborate abstract ideas. In Slavic self-perception the ethnic meaning of the word "Slav" or Słowianin (swo-vyah-ńeen) in Polish was derived from the term for the spoken word, or "słowo" (swo-vo). Thus, to the Slavs, their name testified to their mastery over spoken words, in contrast to others, whose languages they did not understand.
The chronicle of the Cistercian abbey at Henryków (1227-1310) includes the oldest preserved sentence written in Polish.
A constitutional monarchy evolved in this period (1370-1493). During this evolution, due legal process was established in Poland; Polish became a language of elegance and civility in east central Europe, as Poland acquired a civilizing role between the Baltic and the Black Seas and Polish was used as the language of diplomacy.
By the end of the 15th century, national and regional parliaments became catalysts of social and cultural life in Poland - a role played in the rest of Europe by the royal court and the town. The first Digest of Polish Law was printed in Kraków in 1488; it included a royal guarantee against searches and seizures. Approximately 15,000 different Polish words were used in the preserved medieval texts.
Progress during the Renaissance
Jan Mączyński published the first extensive Latin-Polish dictionary Lexico Latino-Polonorum in 1564. A pioneer of cardiology, a professor of medicine and philosophy, Józef Struś (1510-1568) published a 1555 treatise on the pulse entitled Sphygmicae artis libri quinque. In 1583, Andrzej Patrycy Nidecki edited and published the partially preserved writings of Cicero. His Fragmentorum M. Tulli Ciceronis was very popular among European humanists.
Printing houses were also opened in provincial areas. Polish orthography was standardized chiefly by printers who helped the development of the Polish language by encouraging the publication of Polish books and dictionaries. A Polish grammar book for foreigners was printed in 1568 by Piotr Stratotius-Stojeński; his book was in French. During the first one hundred years of Polish printing some three-and-half million books were printed. By 1550, printers in Kraków had reached the highest European level.
Widespread polemics on the religious questions in Poland often resounded throughout Europe. Protestants contributed to the wider use of the Polish language. Mikołaj Rey, called the father of literature in the Polish language, first wrote moralizing dialogues published in 1543. In them he criticized overspending, luxury, and drunkenness. He wrote the best 16th-century Polish satire and gave an excellent picture of everyday life in Poland. His Life of an Honorable Man gave a vivid picture of the customs of Polish country squires.
The Great Scientific Dictionary of Polish-Latin-Greek by Grzegorz Knapski, entitled Thesaurus Polono-Latino-Graecus, was published in 1621. It was an important work for Polish and Slavic lexicography. The first printing shop in Warsaw was established in 1624. Polish dictionaries, grammars, and other books were printed in Królewiec (Koenigsberg) in the Polish Fief of Prussia.
Enlightenment in Poland in the 18th century brought further advancement in the development of the Polish language, literature, and press during the reign of King Stanisław II Poniatowski.
Development during the 19th and 20th c.
The first complete dictionary of recent Polish was published in six volumes in 1807-1814 by Samuel Bogumił Linde (1771-1847), a lexicographer who worked at the Załuski Library - the first public library in Europe. At that point, the Polish language was as equally developed as the German and more advanced than the Russian; it was one of major European languages possessing a rich literature and a vocabulary of arts and sciences. The character of Linde’s dictionary was historical and not normative. It included 60,000 entries.
In 1861, the learned circles of Wilno published Słownik języka polskiego (A Dictionary of the Polish Language), sometimes called The Wilno Dictionary. It included many regional words from north-eastern parts of Poland and is proof of a strong cultural connection between the Wilno region and the rest of ethnic Poland.
The reform of the orthography of the Polish language was completed in 1891. Following its inauguration of Prace Filologiczne (The Philological Studies) in 1885, the Kraków Academy of Learning begun to issue two other publications: Poradnik Językowy (The Language Handbook)in 1901, and Język Polski (The Polish Language) in 1913. In addition, the Academy of learning published Słownik Gwar Polskich (Dictionary of Polish Dialects) from 1900 to 1911; and in 1915, Język Polski i jego historia (The Polish Language and Its History) - two volumes of the Encyklopedia Polska.
Another reform of Polish orthography was carried out in 1918.
Polish literature blossomed. Adam Asnyk wrote poetry linking the Romanticist traditions with social problems viewed in a Positivist manner. Adolf Dygasiński wrote excellent naturalist novels about animals. Eliza Orzeszkowa, writer and journalist, wrote tendentious positivist literature; her best and most famous novel was Nad Niemnem (On the Shores of Niemen, 1887). Bolesław Prus (Aleksander Głowacki, 1847-1912) was a writer and columnist of the period of realism. In Lalka (The Doll, 1890), he described the "last Romanticists" and the defeat of the positivist "dreamers." Henryk Sienkiewicz (1846-1916) wrote Polish historical novels. His novel, Quo Vadis, about early Christians in Nero’s Rome won him a Noble Prize (1905) and was by far the greatest bestseller worldwide at the time.
Total of about twenty people born in Poland won the Noble Prize for their contribution to science, literature, and peace. Thus, Polish language and culture are of considerable importance today, flourishing as they do in the geographical center of the European continent.
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26 czerwiec 2005
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Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski
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Świat uciszonej pieśni
sierpień 5, 2008
Zygmunt Jan Prusiński
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Lewica w obronie Jaruzelskiego
maj 16, 2005
PAP
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SIERPNIOWE WSPOMNIENIA
kwiecień 30, 2008
Marek Jastrząb
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W czyim imieniu występują?
wrzesień 8, 2004
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Komitet Honorowy PO
styczeń 9, 2008
komentator
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Polski suweren unijnego prawodastwa
październik 15, 2005
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Wzrost OC, czyli koncepcja Religi inflacyjnego ratowania dziurawego systemu ochrony zdrowia
sierpień 8, 2006
Adam Sandauer
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Kurdupel zholiutu CHLUBA UJOTU???
czerwiec 10, 2008
Trzaskalski Loco z Pernambuco
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Strachy na uchlane Lachy
marzec 23, 2007
Mirosław Naleziński, Gdynia
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Budżet Krakowa na 2003 roku
grudzień 11, 2002
(SIE) http://www.dziennik.krakow.pl
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Ballady Tadeusza Wo?niaka i moje bluesy w poezji
sierpień 26, 2008
Zygmunt Jan Prusiński
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Polityczna schizofrenia
wrzesień 22, 2003
Nasz Dziennik
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TRZECIA DROGA:
nazistowska agentura czy neofici lewicy?
grudzień 13, 2002
http://republika.pl/adnikiel/socjobiologia.html
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Drwiący śmiech pokoleń, czyli- o duchowym niewolnictwie
luty 23, 2008
Marek Jastrząb
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Oceń wygląd zmarłego!
październik 21, 2008
Mirosław Naleziński, Gdynia
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Why the West Hates Islam...
czerwiec 24, 2007
przysłał Marduk
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Naukowa konferencja na temat Holokaustu w Iranie
grudzień 7, 2006
bibula
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Stop manipulacji!
listopad 7, 2006
wampierze
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Lista Wildsteina - Wywiad wojskowy jako policja polityczna Czym był "okrągły stół"?
luty 5, 2005
Adam Sandauer
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Nie będzie referendum na temat tarczy
kwiecień 3, 2007
PAP
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