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Hitler’s genocidal actions inspired by Berliners?
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When the Germans and especially the Prussians say, that Hitler spoke straight out of their hearts (“Der Fuerer hat von unseren herzen geschprochen”) one should inquire what was in the hearts of Prussian population of Berlin, when they listened to an Austrian born demagogue, who took great pride in his “musicality,” a term he used to describe his talent to feel what the crowd wanted to hear. Hitler as an Austrian and admirer of Polish victory over Lenin’s Bolshevik invasion of 1920, actually wanted an alliance with Poland and Japan in his obsession to attack the Soviet Union.
However, the very reading the hearts of the Berliner’s, apparently radicalized Hitler’s attitude towards the Poles, especially when Poles refused to join his anti-Soviet alliance and did not yield to his demands to give up Gdańsk and other territories of the Prussian partition of Poland of a century earlier. In order to understand what Hitler found in the hearts of Berliners, let us look back into the history of the Kingdom of Prussia, and the ideology of its leadership.
In the second half of the 19th century, Bismarck revived memories of the German genocide of the Balto-Slavic Prussians in the 13th century. As early as 1856, Prussian Chancellor Otto Bismarck (1815 – 1898), Berlin’s ambassador to the all-German Parliament in Frankfurt, wrote that the Polish minority must be exterminated. Bismarck’s anti-Catholic and anti-Polish policies were the basis for his “Kultur Kampf” program. Such ideas were a prelude to the genocides and mass murders of the 20th century – the century in which more people were killed that ever before in the entire history of mankind.
Chancellor Bismarck repeatedly likened the Poles to wolves, which should be “shot to death whenever possible.” In 1861, he declared, “Hit the Poles till they despair of their very lives…if we are to survive, our only course is to exterminate them.” (Werner Richter, ‘Bismark’ New York: Putnam Press, 1964, page 101). Generally, Bismarck’s extremist attitude towards the Poles remains unknown in America. Thus, on March 5, 1990, during progress towards the unification of Germany, a headline of U.S. News & World report stated: “Finishing what Bismarck began.” It must have been written without the knowledge of Bismarck’s pronouncements such as those quoted above.
Prussian hatred of everything Polish is well documented ever since the Hohenzollerns, the ancestors of German emperors, starting in 1525, for more than a century, on their knees, have paid tribute to the king of Poland and then started paying tribute to the king of Sweden. Kingdom of Prussia was created in 1701 with capital in Berlin, formally outside of fragmented Roman Empire of the German Nation.
The move shaped the cradle of the modern German militarism. The name “Prussia” symbolized the continuity of German militaristic tradition by recalling the 13th century conquest and genocide of the Balto-Slavic Prussians by the armed monks of the Teutonic Order. However, the Kingdom of Prussia faced destruction during the Seven Years War (1758-1763).
Berlin was occupied and burned by Russian army in 1760. Russia decided to destroy the new Kingdom of Prussia in order to prevent it from acquiring means to unify the 350 independent German principalities, into a united Germany, with capital in Berlin (for the first time ever). In exchange for Prussia and Silesia, Poland was to give Podolia to Russia. However, Polish citizens living in Podolia refused to agree to become subjects of the tsar.
Poland’s refusal, saved the Kingdom of Prussia from destruction and permitted the Hohenzollerns of Berlin to return to their schemes for the partitioning of Poland after a new and weak-minded Tsar Peter III (1728-1762) became very accommodating to Prussia. The situation remained favorable to Berlin, after Peter III was assassinated with the connivance of his German wife, Catgherine II (1729-1796), who usurped the Russian throne by a coup d’etat on July 9, 1762.
Berlin was then able to provoke a series of Polish-Russian wars: each war gave a chance to Berlin, for robbery of Polish land by annexation. Cultural and economic oppression by Prussia of the annexed Polish lands followed, until the times of Bismarck who formed his plans for the extermination of the Poles. Berliners had a strong anti-Polish tradition, with which they helped to inspire Hitler’s genocidal crimes against citizens of Poland.
On April 24, 1939, when Hitler terminated his non-aggression pact with Poland, he was furious that Poland rejected his offer of friendship and alliance. Hitler made such an offer for the first time as early as August 5, 1935, when he declared, that good Polish-German relations were of primary importance to him. He wanted a military alliance with Poland and Japan against the Soviet Union, to which he did not have land access, because Poland’s territory constituted a physical barrier between Germany and the Soviets.
Apparently Hitler’s “best case scenario” was to attack the Soviets with some 600 divisions: 220 German, 200 Japanese, 100 Polish and 80 of other nations, without having to fight on the western front. He hoped to mobilize in Poland some 10% of the population, or over three and half million men. When Poland refused, Hitler put in practice Bismarck’s plans and committed mass murder in Poland.
Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski
Poland - An Illustrated History
Hippocrene Books, New York
(2000 - First Printing; 2003 - Second Printing; 2008 – Third Printing)
Pages: 282
Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski
Poland - A Historical Atlas
Hippocrene Books, New York 1987
First Printing; 1988 -Third Printing (Revised)
pages: 320
ISBN: 0-87052-282-5
Historyczny Atlas Polski
Baran i Suszczyński, Kraków 1995
ISBN: 83-85845-54-2
Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski
Jews in Poland - A Documentary History
Hippocrene Books, New York 1998
Pages: 432
ISBN: 0781806046; ISBN: 0-7818-0757-3
WWW.pogonowski.com
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